Will the endosperm agreement succeed? | policy

The question arises, after the signing of the ceasefire agreement in the As -Suwayda Governorate, about the possibilities of its success and the chances of its implementation, as things are still open to all possibilities, in light of the failure to implement more than one previous agreement between the Syrian government and the sectarian leaders in the province.

Consequently, what is the new agreement from what preceded it?, Will it succeed in creating a breakthrough in the wall of the conflict between the rival armed factions in southern Syria, especially in the event that each party continues to take its field and revenge accounts, not to be careful of American guarantees, nor the regional bets that stood behind its approval?

The stages of the agreement

The agreement came after the withdrawal of the army units and the internal security forces that intervened to break the clash between the militants from the Druze and the Bedouins, after Israel launched attacks on government forces and government headquarters in the capital, Damascus, and met an Arab and regional position rejecting its blatant attacks.

The renewed clashes, in most areas of the endosperm governorate between the Bedouin and Druze militants, summoned international and regional interventions and mediation that led to a new agreement, which is not very different from the agreement that was previously signed between the Syrian government and the spiritual leaderships in the endosperm, and Sheikh Hikmat Al -Hijri retreated under the pretext that he agreed to him under external pressures, then demanded an external intervention (Israeli) to protect the Druze in the position No national, in addition to his position rejecting the recognition of the change- after the fall of the previous regime- and the legitimacy of the new administration, which he describes as the terrorist group.

It is a nihilistic position, the sects of tendency, far from politics, and it is strengthened by the forces of the outside of the new authority.

The agreement guarantees understandings approved by the brokers: the United States, Jordan, and Turkey, with the Syrian state; To ensure the dissolution of the existing engagement, prevent its renewal in the future, and to give an opportunity for political solutions under the umbrella of the state, where the agreement constitutes an opportunity to test the ability of the Syrian state to put an end to the civil fighting, and enable it to stand in the face of invitations and projects of division and fragmentation.

Although not all the details of the agreement were published, the statements of some officials indicated that it includes three stages:

• First; The deployment of the Internal Security Forces, as forces to break the clashes and conflict in most of the western and northern countryside of the Suwayda Governorate, in addition to the main roads outside the cities; To prevent friction with the current conditions.
• The second; It stipulates the opening of humanitarian crossings between the governorates of Daraa and As -Suwayda, to secure the departure of civilians, the wounded and the injured, the exchange of prisoners and the kidnapped, and the introduction of humanitarian assistance and medical supplies.
• And the third; It includes the consolidation of calm by activating state institutions, and the spread of internal security personnel in the province gradually according to the conclusion reached.

Success factors

The Suwayda Agreement carries with it an opportunity, not a cease -fire in the Suwayda Governorate, but rather to put down the fire of tension and intolerance, but the conditions for its success remain suspended on many matters, the most important of which are:

1- The ability of the parties to overcome their accounts and narrow gains, a challenge that reproduces the problems of all Syrian parties and powers.

2- The will to implement its clauses is provided with all parties, in respect of the sanctity of the blood of the Syrians, the expression of the desire to prevail in the dialogue and reject violence, and contribute to the salvation of Syria from its catastrophic situation caused by the defunct Assad regime

3- The internal variables and regional and international positions may be a motivation to adhere to the new agreement, but its success needs exceptional efforts, which are in the field of filling the gap of the lack of confidence between the Syrian components, and the application of all its items, in the forefront of those related to providing security in the province.

4- Forming a committee that excludes facts and holding the perpetrators of violations in accordance with the law, reparation of damage, then research in mechanisms to integrate the people of As-Suwayda and others in the institutions of the Syrian state.

5- Adopting laws that condemn and prohibit incitement, mobilization, sectarian armies, and all types and forms of religious, ethnic and tribal intolerance, and work to consolidate civil peace and community reconciliation.

6- Working to involve all political, civil and social activities in all joints of government, and launching a national dialogue inclusive of all political and social components, which can formulate a social contract or a national charter.

Opening window

It is hoped that the agreement is a necessary openness window between the Syrian government and the religious and social events in the province, at a time when the Syrians look forward to salvation from the chain of catastrophic crises that have exhausted the country.

Perhaps the importance of the agreement is manifested in being a step towards restoring confidence, and strengthening the role of state institutions as a university reference, by rejecting violence and giving priority to dialogue, which leads to exit from the bloody tunnel through the availability of a responsible political will for everyone, to avoid the reproduction of the spasms of the past, and to reject the law as the only guarantor of any sustainable solution, and to remove irregular arms from all groups.

The sectarian events in the As -Suwayda Governorate reflected a deep political crisis, which was manifested in a wave of intolerance and sectarian violence.

Its risk increases the spread of weapons that escaped in the hands of individuals and local groups, which the state was unable to integrate, given that the security and military institutions are not built according to the state’s doctrine, which everyone treated as equal citizens in rights and duties.

It was required and still was that the new administration open a wide window for dialogue between the Syrians about the form of the state, and about the future of Syria.

Ecumenical domain

Religious and ethnic diversity is not new in Syria, but rather has witnessed historical coexistence between its various social and religious components, as ties and traditions were formed for coexistence, which was established for an ecumenical scope in the natural and Arab east since before the Ottoman Empire.

The history of the Syrian religious and ethnic components was a history of coexistence as well, and the ecumenical framework in the region arose from the rich diversity of its components, and a prevented in front of attempts to hit it and restrict it to a single religious or ethnic color, especially during the moments of transformation and transition, which witnessed conflicts and wars.

The realization of the ecumenical range in Syria requires providing an appropriate environment for coexistence, by reaching greater harmony between its components. This is a task entrusted to the country, which embraces everyone, not according to the logic of the sect or the clan, but rather according to the requirements of the principle of equal citizenship.

Therefore, the new Syrian administration needs to make greater efforts in the Syrian interior, in order to strengthen the social fabric, in order to stand in front of the forces of the outside, and fill the gaps from which they can infiltrate, or to justify their interventions.

One aspect of the problem is that the new administration focused in its dealings on sectarian entities represented by its leaders, and the clans represented by its dignitaries, nor did it resort to political and civilian forces and forces, in light of the lack of a law organizing political parties, knowing that Syria is known for its rich partisan life before the Baath coup 1963, and the matter is not without weak and non -representative parties, as well as the forces of civil society. In professional unions and associations and others.

Perhaps opening dialogue with these forces and with parties contributes to the involvement of the majority of Syrians in reaching solutions to problems and challenges, while limiting the dialogue with spiritual leaders does not guarantee a general Syrian consensus, because the Syrian person is also a political being, and not a religious, sectarian or ethnic being.

Therefore, it is important to open a dialogue with political and social forces and independent personalities, in order to reach a national consensus, which places a joint perception of the form of the state and its political system; In order to overcome the transitional phase without falling into new bumps.