For decades, the so -called “Hubble tension” has been one of the most complex puzzles that haunting cosmologists while trying to measure the speed of the universe.
These are the measurements that scientists make to calculate the speed of the universe on two main techniques: the first is based on data taken from the very early stages of the history of the universe, such as radiation of the cosmic background, while the second is based on monitoring nearby galaxies and changing stars in the local universe (near our galaxy).
The origin of tension
The surprising and exciting of scientists always was that the results of the two methods differ clearly despite the repeated experiences and improvement of their accuracy, as the expansion of the universe is measured by what is known as the “Hubble-Lymeter”, a measure that determines the speed that galaxies diverge from each other.
When calculating this constant based on the old cosmic data, the value is estimated at 244 thousand kilometers per hour per million astronomical fees (equivalent to about 3.2 million light years).
But if the measurements of galaxies are based closest to us in time and space, the value rises to approximately 264 thousand kilometers for the same distance.
This difference – which cannot be easily explained – opens the door for questions about whether we are facing limits in our understanding of the nature of the universe or whether we are on the threshold of new discoveries that change the rules of physics as we know.
Cosmic
A new study, presented during the 2025 Royal Astronomical Society meeting in the city of Duram, the British city of Duram, provides a bold hypothesis, which says we and the planet, but rather our Milky Way, we live inside a huge “cosmic bubble”, which may be the reason that we notice a faster expansion of the universe locally compared to the traditional cosmic model.
The researchers assume that the diameter of this bubble is equal to about one billion light years, and its density is about 20% less than the average density of the universe as a whole.
According to the study, our presence in the emptiness center leads to the flow of matter outside it outside, and this makes our relative speed (i.e. the speed inside the bubble compared to the rest of the universe) is greater, and this gives the impression of a faster local expansion, but the speed is originally identical between the early and local universe.
“One of the possible solutions to this contradiction (meant Hubble) is that our galaxy is close to the center of a large local vacuum.”.
He adds: “This will lead to the withdrawal of the material due to gravity towards the high -density outer part of the vacuum, and this leads to the void becomes more void over time, and with this trend, the speed of the bodies will be greater than us than if the void is not present. This gives an impression with a faster local expansion rate.”
Bennik explains that from that point, “Hubble tension is largely a local phenomenon.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nndtj0vu6hyy
Echoes of the Big Bang
This new hypothesis found support due to the agreement with what scientists call “Barruni vocal fluctuations”, and its understanding of the imagination of the universe in its first moments (13.8 billion years ago) as “hot and dense soup” full of particles without offspring, including light photons.
At that time, there were sound waves spread across this mixture due to the reactions between the substance and light, such as ripples in a pool of water.
After about 380 thousand years of the great explosion, the universe was returned enough to release the light freely (which we see today like the cosmic radiological background), and at this moment, these sound waves stopped, but the “echoes” or the remaining effects of these ripples remain preserved in the distribution of galaxies.
Scientists use these universal echoes to compare the distance between the galaxies because they leave what looks like a fingerprint in the relationship between the distance and the so -called red displacement, but if we are inside a huge cosmic void, then this makes data for the volatile vocal vibrations a “curved” slightly compared to normal expectations.
According to the study, this curvature of data has already been observed in local universe studies, and a study of measurements of the available Barruni vocal fluctuations over the past 20 years, the research team showed that the bubble model is about 100 million times more likely than the Iftaa model.
Copaology disaster
Hubble’s tension is the disaster of the current cosmology, because the Hubble constant applies its rule over everything that is cosmic, as it determines the rate through which the universe expands, and thus guides us to the knowledge of its age, and draws the schedule for the successive events in it to its current and future size.
It also helps scientists estimate distances to other bodies throughout the universe. Besides, the value of the Hubble constant helps scientists understand the properties of dark energy and dark matter, which are two components that represent 95% of the composition of this universe, scientists know about them only the lowest.
The imbalance in this is a dilemma, as it led to a division in the scientific community between those who see that the problem in the data, statistics, or methods used to measure the constant, and between those who believe that the imbalance extended to the theory itself or the saying of the model and the theoretical basis on which these measurements depend or even cosmic physics, which build itself on the results of the general relative theory of Albert Einstein.
“Paville Coruba”, a professor at the Helmholz Institute for Radiation and Nuclear Physics at the German University of Bonn, is one of those who believe that the defect lies in theoretical basis, and therefore it is one of the scientists who devote themselves to a solution to this disaster, by developing an alternative theory.
“It is possible to explain the tension of Hubble by studying the difference in the density of galaxies, as our galax is found in a region of the universe with a relatively low galaxy density.”
This explanatory idea of Coruba comes within the framework of a study published in 2023 accompanied by a team of researchers in the journal “Monthly Notis” of the Royal Astronomical Society, and the paper indicates that we live in a huge global bubble, consistent with the assumption of the last study.
Not easy challenges
The new hypothesis on which the new study relies on is undoubtedly a great challenge, as it contradicts a basic principle in the standard of cosmology, or an acronym “Lamda CDM”.
This model assumes that the universe is more like a homogeneous soup, equally distributed and similar in all directions if we look at it on very huge standards (billions of light years), meaning that there is no “special” place or a completely empty area and another very full.
Consequently, if there is a very huge vacuum around us, this means that the universe is heterogeneous on a large scale, and therefore if the new hypothesis is correct, then scientists, by dependency, will need to reconsider the foundations of cosmology, on which contemporary theories are built, and this is what scientists such as Coruba emphasize the necessity of its occurrence.
