BVR missiles are behind the extent of vision, known as “silent missiles”, which are long-range air-to-air missiles. Its range ranges between 200 and 500 km, and is launched from combat aircraft to destroy air targets from long and safe distances. Its development began after the Second World War (1939-1945) and became an essential part of the air battles in the modern era.
Development and manufacturing
During the Second World War (1939-1945), the world witnessed fierce air battles, which contributed to the features of a new stage in military history. In the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, the latter lost more than two thousand aircraft while confronting the German air weapon “Luftfa”.
Then the traditional air battles pattern, based on the clash of two or more aircraft, grew up and developed as “Doug Fate”. Pilots are nurtured in severity and speed in an attempt to shoot down opponent aircraft using machine guns or short -range missiles.
The fighting in such confrontations in the military circles is called “PVR”, which revolves around a distance that exceeds the ability of the human eye or the visual endoscope to see the hostile plane, usually more than 30 kilometers, which is unable with the drivers of the two planes to see each other.
The concept of fighting outside the view is also due to the days of the Cold War, but it was subjected to great doubts at the time because of the high cost of long -range fighting techniques.
Developed models
The United States, Russia, China and other European countries have sought a continuous development of missiles outside the vision, including “PVR”, “Metior”, “IEM 120D” and “BL 15”.
- “BL 15 E” missile
A long -range missile designed by the “Chinese Air Missile Academy” to clash from long distances with long -range air targets such as fighters, early warning aircraft, control and fuel -air aircraft.
Its range in its local version is about 300 km, while the exporting version is about 145 km. It is characterized by the search device of the “active electronic survey matrix”, which contains its own transmission and reception device, so you can monitor the discount and launch the missile towards it.
In addition to a dual motor with two parts of solid fuel and works in two separate stages, it can be launched from aircraft such as “Chinyang -G 16”.
Pakistan used it in its military operations during the border confrontations with India in May 2025.
- “KIS 172” missile
It is also known as “R 172”, designed by the Russian “Novator for Design and Development of Missiles” to intercept air targets from air fighters, early warning aircraft and fuel aircraft.
It contains a double -fuel -fuel missile engine and launches two stages, and it also has an active radar orientation in the final stage of the clash.
Its maximum speed reaches 400 km, or more than 5 times the speed of sound, and is released from combat aircraft such as “MIG -31” or “Sukhoi -Su 35”.
It is also known as “AA 12AA Adra”, which is a medium-range Joe-Joe-Joe-Approach, uses an active radar for careful guidance towards the air target.
Its range of 100 km, with a speed of 4 Mach, or about 4.94 thousand kilometers per hour.
It features a high -explosive warhead with a weight of 25 kilograms, and has a 57 -kilogram of solid fuel engine, along with an active radar guidance system. Its control has 8 or 9 chemical batteries.
The missile can be launched from aircraft such as “MIG -29”, “MIG -30” and “Sukhoi -S -30”.
- Metior missile
The air-to-range air missile developed by the European MBI company in the first decade of the 21st century, and was chosen to be a joint project between several European countries, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden led by the United Kingdom.
The missile underwent stages of development and experimentation between 2005 and 2015, and entered service in 2016.
The missile uses a “program” engine that is able to change the power of payment during flying, and this feature gives it the ability to maintain speed and energy throughout the trip, which is often enhanced by the “non -escape” area, which is the distance that the goal is not able to maneuver or escape from the missile.
Its speed exceeds 4 Mach (about 4 times the speed of sound) and its maximum range is 200 km, with these estimates different according to operational scenarios.
The missile owns an active radar and a two -way data link that allows to update information in the middle of the trip with the aim of ensuring the targets accurately. It can be launched from the “Eurofighter Typhoon” or from the French multi -task fighter “Super Horn”.
- AIM120 orders missile
Average American Joe-Joe missile developed by “Raytion” company for defense systems in Virginia. He entered service in the early 1990s, and is one of the oldest missiles in the American system.
The self -guidance system uses the first stage and then a radar system as a researcher in the final stage, which makes it able to track the target and hit it without support from the plane.
It can also make changes during his flight from the plane or other platforms, reaches 160 km and its speed exceeds 4 Mach. It is launched by combat aircraft such as “F15 Eg” and “Fitting Fallon”.
Despite its high efficiency, it is placed in a lower level of corresponding Chinese missiles such as “BL 15”, and therefore the United States has sought to develop models of air mobile missiles.
The first model follows the American Air Force and is called “A -260” and the second for the American Navy, “AIM -174”, which represents a modified version of the air launch of the traditional navy “SM -6”.
The United States revealed the first version of the missile in May 2025, and this was the day of the friendship day organized at the Marine Base in Iowkoni in Japan.
Work mechanism
“VR” missiles are engaged with air targets that go beyond the visual vision of the pilot, as the hostile plane monitors the divorced plane of the missile.
This is through data issued by early warning systems, after which its goal is determined and then released towards it at a speed of the speed of sound using a preliminary guidance system that depends on the plane data, either by guiding self -deficiency or directing the active radar.
When the missile approaches the target, the final guidance turns to the use of its internal radar if it is an active radar, so that it can track the target with high accuracy until the moment of the bombing.
The missile explodes either from a direct collision or from the bombing of shrapnel charge near the target, which leads to its destruction or disruption.
These missiles are characterized by high capabilities on resisting interference and maneuvering, which makes it difficult for hostile aircraft to escape, which gives the aircraft equipped with a strategic superiority in the air battlefield.
Integration of artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence in missiles is used “behind the range of visibility” with the aim of enhancing its performance and accuracy in advanced fighting environments, analyzing the behavior of air targets and predicting its path, which gives it a greater ability to track the target and adjust its own course to overcome maneuvers.
Automated learning techniques also help distinguish between the real goal and misleading means, such as misleading thermal devices and electronic jamming, which increases the possibility of direct injury.
In some advanced models, the missiles became able to make tactical decisions in the air and in the middle of the flights, such as choosing an alternative goal or amending the task in response to the changing conditions.
