Since its foundation in 1978, the BKKa massacre has committed the massacres of about 16,000 official employees in Turkey, including soldiers, police, gendarmerie, doctors and teachers, in addition to an countless number of civilians and children, and Turkey has been incurred by this war, an economic cost of about trillion dollars. Did the organization reach the end of the road?
BK Ka has always received material, human and arrogant support from multiple powers, including Russia, Iran and a number of NATO countries to which Turkey belongs, such as Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United States of America. And about 60,000 of its elements have been exhumed so far. Is it conceivable that this organization announces a solution to itself?
This is the question arising in Türkiye and throughout the Middle East.
Last week, although Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan did not indicate a definitive answer to this question during his participation in a joint press conference in the Qatari capital, Doha, with the Prime Minister and the Qatari Foreign Minister Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman Al Thani, he reaffirmed his aspirations and fixed determination before the eyes of the whole world, saying a clear tone regarding the Syrian issue: “First, we do not accept any initiative targeting the unity of the Syrian lands.
Accordingly, we reject any move that would allow the continuity of the presence of terrorist organizations in Syria. It is not possible to accept changing names, structures, or management; With the aim of camouflaging the presence of the terrorist organization BK Ka.
He added: “We expect to activate the agreement signed between” YPG “(the Kurdish People’s Protection Units, the Syrian arm of” BKK “) and the local administration in Syria during the past months.
We also expect “PKKa” to respond quickly and positively to the invitation to it, to give up its weapon, and stop being an obstacle to the return of life to normal in our region. Just as ISIS was removed from the system, “BKKa” will also be removed. Either you go voluntarily and peace, or you will leave in another way, but it will inevitably leave. “
He concluded by saying: “This will have repercussions in Syria, Iran, and Iraq.“.
These words of Minister Fidan reflect his dissatisfaction with the delay in implementing the call of Abdullah Ocalan, the leader of the terrorist organization BK Ka, who has been detained since 1999 in the Imrali prison, which he launched on February 27, 2024, and called for the solution to the organization. Two months have passed since that invitation without taking actual steps.
The roots of separation extend to 51 years
The roots of the separatist terrorist organization, which Abdullah Ocalan has found to 51 years ago. In 1973, what was then known as the “Apoki Group” (relative to the title of Ocalan: Abu) was formed in the capital Ankara, and by 1976 this current began to spread east and southeast of Anatolia under the name “Kurdistan Revolutionaries”. By 1977, this group moved to the implementation of armed operations in rural areas, to begin later, as of 1978, its activity within the cities.
At a secret meeting held by Ocalan with 18 members in the Li -Lahir area of Diyarbakir Governorate on November 27, 1978, it was officially announced the establishment of what is known today as the PKK as an illegal organization.
In its beginnings, “BK Ka” targeted the Kurdish political groups that he saw as a opponent in the eastern and southeastern regions of the Kurdish majority, and he carried out bloody assassinations and attacks against them. At the first founding conference of the organization, it was decided to accelerate the operations of the internal organization, prepare the political program and the founding statement.
But the arrest of one of the participants in the meeting, Shaheen Donemis, in May 1979, and his admission of the internal details of the organization, caused a state of panic inside. Parallel to the continued attacks on other Kurdish groups, a series of internal qualifiers began under the pretext of “employment” and “betrayal”.
In the midst of this chaos, Ocalan remained the only leader of the organization, and he benefited from supporting the Syrian regime intelligence to cross the border in June 1979, as he instructed to announce the establishment of the organization through a “huge operation that attracts attention.”
From separatism to surrender
In light of the protection of the Syrian intelligence, Ocalan settled in the town of Ain al -Arab (currently Kobani), which is now the center of what is known as “BKK/BYD”, and then moved to Damascus. On July 29, 1979, his supporters carried out an armed attack on the parliamentarian for the Justice Party and the leader of the Al -Boujaq clan, Muhammad Jalal Bagg, which resulted in his injury, and the killing of his son -in -law and a nine -year -old child.
At the site of the attack on the founding statement of “BK Ka”, in which he clearly declared its goal: “the establishment of a popular dictatorship in independent and unified Kurdistan.”
Later, Ocalan began to adjust his political offering, so he moved from the slogan “Independent and Unified Kurdistan” to slogans such as “federalism” and “regional autonomy”.
During nearly half a century of armed action, the terrorist organization did not achieve any of its declared goals, with the exception of the cultivation of ethnic nationality seeds in the minds of a limited category. This is due to the continuous and uninterrupted struggle that it fought against the Turkish state with all its institutions.
Ocalan began his career in 1979 with the slogan: “The establishment of a popular dictatorship in independent and unified Kurdistan”, then concluded it on February 27, 2025 with these words, which clearly reflects the recognition of the project failure: “slip towards excessive nationalism, and the followers of the theses such as the independent national state, federalism, administrative self -government, and cultural solutions, no longer meet the requirements The historical sociology of society.
That is, Ocalan himself acknowledged, after 45 years of armed rebellion, that neither the independent Kurdish state, federal, nor autonomy, a real solution.
Ocalan statement
The statement issued by Abdullah Ocalan on February 27, 2025 was titled: “An invitation to peace and a democratic society”, and it was stated in it:
“The BKKA organization has emerged in the twentieth century, which is the most violent centuries in history, which witnessed two global wars, the experiences of real socialism, the atmosphere of the Cold War that spread the world, amid a complete denial of the Kurdish reality, the suppression of freedoms, foremost of which is freedom of expression.
The organization in terms of theory, program, strategy and tactics was affected by the experience of realistic socialism at the time.
With the collapse of realistic socialism in the 1990s for internal reasons, and with the decline in the policy of denying identity within the country, and the progress made in the field of freedom of expression, the BKKA organization entered into a stage of moral vacuum and excessive repetition, which made its end, like other similar organizations, is necessary.
For more than a thousand years, the Kurdish Kurdish relationship has been based on a voluntary alliance, in which the common goal was to preserve the entity in the face of the dominant powers. However, capitalist modernity, over the past two centuries, sought to dismantle this alliance, and found those who serve it within the framework of class and social conflict. This pace accelerated by the unilateral interpretations of the republic.
Today, with the increase in the fragility of this historical relationship, its reorganization on the basis of the spirit of brotherhood, without neglecting the faith dimension, has become an urgent necessity. Society’s need for democracy is inevitable.
The rise of BK Ka as the largest rebellion and violence in the history of the Republic came as a result of the blockage of democratic policy channels. The solutions based on the separate national state, federalism, administrative autonomy, or cultural theses resulting from excessive national drifting are no longer a convincing answer to the historical sociology of society.
Respecting identities, ensuring freedom of expression and democratic organization, and the right of each category to have its socio-economic and political structure, can only be achieved with the existence of a real democratic society and a real political arena. “
“The second century of the republic will not be stable and sustainable unless it is crowned with democracy. There is no way to achieve the desired systems except through democracy. Democratic agreement is the basis. A language that suits reality must be developed for the stage of peace and democratic society.
In this context, and with the call of Mr. Dolht Bahcheli, the position shown by the President of the Republic, and the positive positions shown by some political parties towards this known call, I invite a ceasefire and bear the historical responsibility of this call.
As any modern group or party does not forced to end its existence, I ask you to hold your conference and take a decision: All groups must put weapons, and the BKKA organization be dissolved. I send my greetings to all parties that believe in coexistence and listen to my call. “
The collapse of the intellectual model
The statement written in the handwriting of Ocalan, which is made up of three and a half pages, was the moment the intellectual model collapsed not only for the organization “BK KA/KKK”, but also for its Syrian arm “BYD”, its European extension, and its political end within Türkiye, the “Deem” party.
With this call, the organization’s founder himself announced the end of the alleged “basic strategy”, and acknowledged that the BKKA organization became “lacking in meaning”, because it lost the goal for which it was founded.
After the issue of identity was resolved in Türkiye, there are no longer goals such as the independent, federal, or autonomy state, the organization no longer has what it justifies its continuation. Ocalan summarized this by saying:
“With the collapse of realistic socialism in the 1990s for internal reasons, the decline in the policy of denying identity within the country, and the progress in freedom of expression, Beni Ka has lost its meaning and entered a stage of repetition, and then its solution became necessary as is the case with similar organizations.”
Finally, Ocalan concluded his decisive call by saying:
“I bear the historical responsibility of this invitation. I invite all the groups affiliated with BK Ka to hold a conference and take a final decision: everyone should leave weapons, and the BKKA organization must be replaced.”
Decisions that “BK Ka” did not abide by
When Ocalan talked about “all groups”, he meant the entire “PKK/ KKK” structure, whether in Turkey, in Syria, Iran, Iraq, or in European diaspora. However, and based on previous experiences, he realized that his call would not receive the desired response, and for this he ended his statement written in his handwriting with a sign of significance:
“I send my greetings to all the parties that listen to my call.”
Observers close to the “BK Ka” file, who are completely aware that this organization no longer seeks in any way to “the rights of the Kurds”, but rather turned into a tool that is completely subject to the United States, and an arm used in favor of the Zionist Zionist in the crimes of extermination, they believe that the organization will not easily resolve itself or to hand over its weapon, and will not be committed to a ceasefire.
This is because “BKKa” previously announced the decisions of “a ceasefire/ handover of a weapon/ solution of the organization” six times, in the years 1993, 1995, 1998, 2006, 2009, and 2013, but every time she soon wore her covenants and resumed her terrorist operations.
On October 1, 2024, the day when the new session of the Turkish parliament was opened, the head of the National Movement Party, Doulet Bahcheli, went to the seats of the deputies of the Dim Party, the political arm of “BKKa”, and shook hands with them in a symbolic step; It was interpreted as the beginning of a new political initiative. If this initiative is estimated to be completed, this will be the seventh time that a decision to dissolve the organization is taken.
However, despite the hopes of “Türkiye free of terrorism”, the previous bitter experiences require caution. That is why it is frequently frequent in the political and media circles, the term “cautious optimism”.
Unconscious indicators
However, the news from behind the scenes does not call for this amount of optimism; On the contrary, what is transmitted from the Executive Committee of “BK Ka” is that it provides conditions for accepting a solution to itself.
One of the most surprising conditions is that she asks for Abdullah Ocalan to chair the organization’s conference, although he did not show this request at all, and he is serving a life imprisonment!
In a statement published during the weekend, the committee said: “We do not want to be the party that violates the operation,” but thus implicitly hinted at the possibility of returning to terrorist act again.
They want to ignite the fighting, but without being attributed to them, just as they used to, through the policy of winning time and procrastination. As for changing names and leaders, it is one of their repeated tactics, and showing hostility to violence is nothing but political hypocrisy that they master well.
The organization is also expected to carry out provocative operations in the Turkish interior, or in the Syrian and Iraqi territories, while making sure that these operations are falsified to the Turks, with the aim of provoking sedition.
Some of these attacks may be directed against the Kurds themselves, or against American targets that have previously declared withdrawal from the region, which may fall within the framework of provocative escalation.
Weapon: the only source of power
The history of the BK Ka organization, which extends for half a century, makes all scenarios possible, but the weakest possibility is to abandon violence and weapons, which are the only source of its power.
BK Ka has continued for fifty years for two main reasons:
- The external support it received from countries such as Israel, Iran, the United States, and European countries and Russia.
- The political extension within Türkiye, representing the “Deem” party.
As long as this international support is continuing, and as long as its political wing in Türkiye is not cut off permanently, we will not like us to be optimistic. We only have “reservation”, not optimism.
My only hope is that the Dim party, the political arm of “BKKA”, can have the sincere distance from the terrorist organization. However, the positions issued by it until now indicate great ambiguity, and lack of clear vision.
In other words, there is no actual change in the circumstances that created “BK Ka”. And the Turkish state is completely aware of that.
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan expressed this perception by saying: “If the promises are not carried out, and if the process turns into dodging and procrastination, or attempts to deceive us by changing the names without changing the essence, the pen will be lifted from us. We will continue our ongoing operations unabated, so that no stone remains above a stone, no head over a shoulder, until the elimination of the last terrorist.”
The opinions in the article do not necessarily reflect the editorial position of Al -Jazeera.